En este trabajo intentamos meditar la concepción de tiempo en la teoría de sucesión ecológica de Margalef. En un modelo clásico de sucesión ecológica, las poblaciones se suceden unas a otras. Cada fase de esa sucesión “en tanto fase temporal” está meramente yuxtapuesta a las demás fases. Es el tiempo cronométrico, el tiempo como “medida” del reloj. El tiempo es aquí algo absoluto, independiente del proceso como en Newton. Esto no ocurre en el modelo de Margalef. Él piensa el ecosistema (...) como un proceso de transferencia de energía y acumulación de información. Por esto, en el proceso dinámico del ecosistema existen diversas fases determinadas por la dinámica intrínseca del sistema. Cada ecosistema posee así su tiempo propio. (shrink)

En este trabajo intentamos meditar si es posible concebir la edad como un tiempo propio de los seres vivos incluyendo al hombre. En el trabajo revisamos diversos conceptos de edad obtenidos de diversas ciencias biológicas como la cronobiología, la gerontología, la biología evolutiva y la biología del desarrollo descubriendo que en ellas, en general, se sigue pensando el tiempo biológico como el tiempo que mide un reloj. Nosotros proponemos que la edad como tiempo biológico debe ser entendida como una fase (...) del proceso biológico, pero en función del ciclo completo del organismo. En el caso del ser humano, su edad está determinada también por lo que se “espera” de él. Su edad está determinada entonces por aspectos biológicos y culturales. (shrink)

Se propone una aproximación al realismo científico desde la perspectiva de Zubiri, para quien, por un lado, la realidad es el modo “de suyo” en que se actualizan los contenidos “en” la aprehensión y, por otro lado, la verdad es la misma realidad en cuanto que “actualizada”. Como la realidad ya se da en la aprehensión, no es un logro de la ciencia, mientras lo postulado solo puede ser erróneo en un proceso de verificaciónEn la medida en que el error (...) es posible por la verdad, los fracasos de la ciencia, en lugarde ser una prueba a favor del antirrealismo, son un indicio que apoya al realismo. (shrink)

RESUMEN Se propone una aproximación al realismo científico desde la perspectiva de Zubiri, para quien, por un lado, la realidad es el modo "de suyo" en que se actualizan los contenidos "en" la aprehensión y, por otro lado, la verdad es la misma realidad en cuanto que "actualizada". Como la realidad ya se da en la aprehensión, no es un logro de la ciencia, mientras lo postulado solo puede ser erróneo en un proceso de verificación. En la medida en que (...) el error es posible por la verdad, los fracasos de la ciencia, en lugar de ser una prueba a favor del antirrealismo, son un indicio que apoya al realismo. ABSTRACT The article addresses scientific realism from the perspective of Zubiri, for whom reality is the intrinsic way in which contents are actualized "in" apprehension, on the one hand, and truth is that same reality inasmuch as it is "actualized", on the other. Since reality is already present in apprehension, it is not an achievement of science, while the postulates of scientific theories can only prove to be erroneous in a process of verification. Insofar as error is possible in the search for truth, the failures of science would support realism, rather than provide evidence of antirealism. (shrink)

This article analyses three works or sets of works by Zubiri that I have edited. They are: “The concept of matter” and “The living being”, the “theologic trilogy” and Science and Reality. We analyze their “genesis”, and how this generates some “novelties” in Zubiri’s thinking. The article shows that in order to go deeper into what a philosopher “thinks”, it is necessary to know how his thought is progressing.

El escrito intenta desarrollar el papel que jugaría el sentimiento en la fundamentalidad en Zubiri, lo que se expresa en diversas actitudes ante el problema de Dios. Proponemos que el sentimiento permite, por una parte, dirigir la creación de diversas posibilidades de realización a través de juicios de valor. Dirige, en cierto modo, la búsqueda de estas diversas actitudes. Por otra parte, permite la «probación» o experiencia de los esbozos de esas actitudes. Por ejemplo, la experiencia negativa de una determinada (...) concepción de Dios es condicionada no sólo por aspectos intelectivos sino de sentimiento. Damos algunos ejemplos de ello sacados de la vida de algunos filósofos. (shrink)

El presente artículo indaga en el pensamiento del último Zubiri, esto es, llamado noología, y desde la trilogía de la inteligencia: Inteligencia sentiente (1980-1983) y del escrito El concepto de materia, la articulación entre realidad y actualidad como soporte conceptual para comprender una filosofía del cuerpo humano que integre, por una parte, la filosofía zubiriana a lo largo de su obra y, por otra parte, que nos posibilite entender al hombre en su radical unidad corporal constitutiva tanto en el cosmos (...) como en el mundo. (shrink)

This paper aims to enhance security in IoT device networks through a visual tool that utilizes three projection techniques, including Beta Hebbian Learning (BHL), t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) and ISOMAP, in order to facilitate the identification of network attacks by human experts. This work research begins with the creation of a testing environment with IoT devices and web clients, simulating attacks over Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) for recording all relevant traffic information. The unsupervised algorithms chosen provide a set (...) of projections that enable human experts to visually identify most attacks in real-time, making it a powerful tool that can be implemented in IoT environments easily. (shrink)

Background: COVID-19 has taken many lives worldwide and due to this, millions of persons are in grief. When the grief process lasts longer than 6 months, the person is in risk of developing Complicated Grief Disorder. The CGD is related to serious health consequences. To reduce the probability of developing CGD a preventive intervention could be applied. In developing countries like Mexico, the psychological services are scarce, self-applied interventions could provide support to solve this problem and reduce the health impact (...) even after the pandemic has already finished.Aims: To design and implement a self-applied intervention composed of 12 modules focused on the decrease of the risk of developing CGD, and increasing the life quality, and as a secondary objective to reduce the symptomatology of anxiety, depression, and increase of sleep quality. The Intervention Duelo COVID follows the principles of User Experience and is designed according to the needs and desires of a sample of the objective participants, to increase the adherence to the self-applied intervention, considered one of the main weaknesses of online interventions.Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted from the 22nd of December of 2020 to the first of June 2021. The participants will be assigned to an intervention with elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness and Positive Psychology. The control group will be a wait-list condition, that will receive the intervention 1.5–2 months after the pre-measurement were taken. The Power Size Calculation conducted through G*Power indicated the need for a total of 42 participants, which will be divided by 21 participants in each group. The platform will be delivered through responsive design assuring with this that the intervention will adapt to the screen size of cellphones, tablets, and computers.Ethics and Dissemination: The study counts with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, México, and it is registered in Clinical Trials. The article is sent and registered in clinical trials before the recruitment started. The results will be reported in future conferences, scientific publications, and media. (shrink)

Batteries are a fundamental storage component due to its various applications in mobility, renewable energies and consumer electronics among others. Regardless of the battery typology, one key variable from a user’s perspective is the remaining energy in the battery. It is usually presented as the percentage of remaining energy compared to the total energy that can be stored and is labeled State Of Charge (SOC). This work addresses the development of a hybrid model based on a Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) (...) power cell, due to its broad implementation. The proposed model calculates the SOC, by means of voltage and electric current as inputs and the latter as the output. Therefore, four models based on k-Means, Agglomerative Clustering, Gaussian Mixture and Spectral Clustering techniques have been tested in order to obtain an optimal solution. (shrink)

Part I: Building blocks. 1. Folk convictions -- 2. Doubts about libertarianism -- 3. Nihilism and revisionism -- 4. Building a better theory -- Part II. A theory of moral responsibility. 5. The primacy of reasons -- 6. Justifying the practice -- 7. Responsible agency -- 8. Blame and desert -- 9. History and manipulation --10. Some conclusions.

This book is the first in the field of paraconsistency to offer a comprehensive overview of the subject, including connections to other logics and applications in information processing, linguistics, reasoning and argumentation, and philosophy of science. It is recommended reading for anyone interested in the question of reasoning and argumentation in the presence of contradictions, in semantics, in the paradoxes of set theory and in the puzzling properties of negation in logic programming. Paraconsistent logic comprises a major logical theory and (...) offers the broadest possible perspective on the debate of negation in logic and philosophy. It is a powerful tool for reasoning under contradictoriness as it investigates logic systems in which contradictory information does not lead to arbitrary conclusions. Reasoning under contradictions constitutes one of most important and creative achievements in contemporary logic, with deep roots in philosophical questions involving negation and consistency This book offers an invaluable introduction to a topic of central importance in logic and philosophy. It discusses the history of paraconsistent logic; language, negation, contradiction, consistency and inconsistency; logics of formal inconsistency and the main paraconsistent propositional systems; many-valued companions, possible-translations semantics and non-deterministic semantics; paraconsistent modal logics; first-order paraconsistent logics; applications to information processing, databases and quantum computation; and applications to deontic paradoxes, connections to Eastern thought and to dialogical reasoning. (shrink)

Bajo el título Territorio y voluntad comunitaria, la editorial Aula de Hu- manidades, de Bogotá, publicó en 2021 el trabajo de investigación doc- toral de Rodrigo Escobar-Holguín: “El ordenamiento territorial como acto volitivo comunitario. Un enfoque fenomenológico”, sustentado en junio de 2019, como requisito para optar al título de doctor en Filosofía por la Universidad del Valle en Cali, Colombia. La tesis fue dirigida por el profesor Julio César Vargas Bejarano y el jurado evaluador estuvo compuesto por los profesores (...) Ana Patricia No- guera, Javier San Martín y Esteban Marín Ávila. (shrink)

This article summarizes the moderate revisionist position I put forth in Four Views on Free Will and responds to objections to it from Robert Kane, John Martin Fischer, Derk Pereboom, and Michael McKenna. Among the principle topics of the article are (1) motivations for revisionism, what it is, and how it is different from compatibilism and hard incompatibilism, (2) an objection to the distinctiveness of semicompatibilism against conventional forms of compatibilism, and (3) whether moderate revisionism is committed to realism about (...) moral responsibility. (shrink)

Focusing on the recent work of Michael Bratman as emblematic of several important developments in the philosophy of action, I raise four questions that engage with a set of interlocking concerns about systemic functionalism in the philosophy of action. These questions are: (i) Are individual and institutional intentions the same kind of thing? (ii) Can the risk of proliferation of systemic functional explanations be managed? (iii) Is there an appealing basis for the apparent methodological individualism in our theories of action (...) and agency? and (iv) Why not, instead, pursue a methodologically anti-individualist and ecological approach to action and agency? The latter alternative, I suggest, offers a promising way to retain many of the core insights of the Bratmanian project while avoiding the difficulties inherent to some of the methodological presumptions of some strands of contemporary philosophy of action. (shrink)

The Luck Problem has existed in one form or another since David Hume, at least. It is perhaps as old as Stoic objections to the Epicurean swerve. Although the general issue admits of different formulations with subtly different emphases, the characterization of it that will serve as my target focuses on “cross-worlds” luck, a kind of luck that arises when the decision-making of agents is indeterministic.

There are two standard theoretical responses to putative errors in ordinary thinking about some given target property: eliminativism or revisionism. Roughly, eliminativism is the denial that the target property exists, and revisionism is the view that the property exists, but that people tend to have false beliefs about it. Recently, Shaun Nichols has proposed a third option: discretionism. Discretionism is the idea that some terms have multiple reference conventions, so that it may be true to say with eliminativists that the (...) property does not exist, and true to say with revisionists that the property does exist. This article explores the viability of discretionism, and argues that it faces serious difficulties. Even if the difficulties faced by discretionism can be overcome, it is unclear that discretionism secures anything beyond what is already available to standard revisionist views. The article concludes with some reflections about Nichols’ account of the bare retributive norm. (shrink)

El daño ambiental ha despertado el interés de la doctrina en Colombia, aunque aún no se aborda con rigor y profundidad. La razón, entre otras, es la omisión de los avances que ha dado el derecho comparado, donde la concepción del rol de las instituciones jurídicas va hasta una comprensión integral del daño a partir de la alteración funcional de los sistemas. Existe hoy cierto consenso respecto al deber ser del régimen de responsabilidad aplicable a esta noción integral del daño (...) ambiental, capaz de hacer frente a los componentes del medio natural y a todos los que lo conforman. El libro busca aportar al estudio del daño ambiental desde los avances antes descritos en la materia. (shrink)

As far as we are aware, this study presents the first comparative analysis of the stock picking and market timing abilities of managers of conventional and socially responsible (SR) pension funds, and of their use of superior information. For the United Kingdom, the results obtained show a slight stock picking ability on the part of SR pension fund managers (although it disappears if multifactorial models are considered), and a negative market timing ability on the part of both SR and conventional (...) pension fund managers (these results hold for multifactorial models controlled by home bias). In relation to the management styles, both conventional and SR pension funds usually invest in small cap and growth values, although it is the SR pension funds that are the most exposed to these styles. We also observed that, while conventional pension fund managers make certain use of superior information to follow stock picking strategies, managers of SR pension funds use superior information to follow market timing strategies. (shrink)

Las teorías que usamos para representar el mundo pueden ser extremadamente complejas. Abordan temas tales como electrones, campos cuánticos, estrellas de neutrones, materia oscura, redes neuronales, mercados económicos, la atmósfera y muchas otras entidades que suponemos existen en el universo. Al formular nuestras teorías, recurrimos a lenguajes exactos que nos permiten minimizar la vaguedad y expresarnos lo más precisa y cuantitativamente posible. Recurrimos a la matemática. Cuando formulamos nuestras teorías fácticas en lenguaje matemático, estas se refieren no solamente a objetos (...) que nosotros interpretamos como materiales, tales como partículas o personas, sino también a entidades más raras de un mundo abstracto: conjuntos, números, funciones, espacios algebraicos, variedades, topologías, y otras entidades similares. Estos objetos no son materiales en el sentido en que nosotros decimos que una manzana es material. Ellos no existen en el espacio-tiempo, no interactúan, no cambian o evolucionan. Sin embargo, allí están, profundamente arraigados en nuestras teorías más apreciadas acerca del mundo. (shrink)

This article analyzes the financial performance and managerial abilities of a sample of US and European socially responsible (SR) mutual funds. The period analyzed commences from January 1994 and concludes in January 2013 and yields 18 US and 89 European green funds. The results obtained for green fund managers are compared with those achieved for conventional and other forms of SR mutual fund managers. We control for the mutual fund investment objective (distinguishing between domestic and global portfolios) and for the (...) effect of crisis market periods. For US SR funds, partitioning the data into crisis and normal periods reveals that SR funds obtain statistically insignificant performance in crisis periods but underperform relative to the market in normal periods. Furthermore, the findings indicate that green funds do not perform worse than other forms of SR mutual funds. For European SR funds partitioning the data into crisis and normal periods reveals that SR funds obtain statistically insignificant performance irrespective of market conditions. Similar to the US findings, green Europe SR funds do not perform worse than other forms of SR mutual funds. Managerial abilities are not evident in the findings though unsuccessful timing of the market is revealed for both Europe and US global green funds. When analyzing managerial abilities in crisis and non-crisis market periods, US green fund managers achieve better results in crisis market periods and the opposite occurs for green fund managers in European market. (shrink)

We affirm the utility of integrative modeling, according to which it is advantageous to move beyond “one-at-a-time binary paradigms” through studies that position themselves within realistic multidimensional design spaces. We extend the integrative modeling approach to a target domain with which we are familiar, the consequences of bilingualism on mind and brain, often referred to as the “bilingual advantage.” In doing so, we highlight work from our group consistent with integrative modeling.

Michael Bratman's work has been unusually influential, with significance in disciplines as diverse as philosophy, computer science, law, and primatology.The essays in this volume engage with ideas and themes prominent in Bratman's work. The volume also includes a lengthy reply by Bratman that breaks new ground and deepens our understanding of the nature of action.

I examine the extent to which Dennett’s account in Freedom Evolves might be construed as revisionist about free will or should instead be understood as a more traditional kind of compatibilism. I also consider Dennett’s views about philosophical work on free agency and its relationship to scientific inquiry, and I argue that extant philosophical work is more relevant to scientific inquiry than Dennett’s remarks may suggest.

Aunque la problemática de los daños ambientales ha atraído el interés sustancial de profesionales y académicos de diversas disciplinas, los motivos que impulsan esas prácticas han recibido poca atención en la literatura jurídica colombiana. Especialmente desde la perspectiva de la responsabilidad. Este capítulo presenta unas reflexiones preliminares de la responsabilidad por daños ambientales, para introducir el estudio de diversos temas, hacia una construcción doctrinal enmarcada no sólo en el deber de evitar el progresivo deterioro ambiental causado por el hombre, sino (...) para salvaguardar las especies vivas que habitan y habitarán este planeta, así como el legado que le quedará a las generaciones venideras. (shrink)

A connection viewed from the perspective of integration has the Bianchi identities as constraints. It is shown that the removal of these constraints admits a natural solution on manifolds endowed with a metric and teleparallelism. In the process, the equations of structure and the Bianchi identities take standard forms of field equations and conservation laws.The Levi-Civita (part of the) connection ends up as the potential for the gravity sector, where the source is geometric and tensorial and contains an explicit gravitational (...) contribution.Nonlinear field equations for the torsion result. In a “low-energy” approximation (linearity andlow energy-momentumtransfer), the postulate that only charge and velocities contribute to the source transforms these equations into the Maxwell system. Moreover, the affine geodesics become the equations of motion of special relativity with Lorentz force in the same approximation [J. G. Vargas,Found. Phys. 21, 379 (1991)]. The field equations for the torsion must then be viewed as applying to an electromagnetic/strong interaction.A classical unified theory thus arises where the underlying geometry confers their contrasting characters to Maxwell-Lorentz electrodynamics and to an Einstein's-like theory of gravity. The highly compact field equations must, however, be developed in phase-spacetime, since the connection is velocity-dependent, i.e., Finsler-like.Further opportunities for similarities with present-day physics are discussed: (a) teleparallelism allows for the formulation of the torsion sector of the theory as a flat space theory with concomitant point-dependent transformations; (b) spinors should replace Lorentz frames in their role as the subjects to which the connection refers; (c) the Dirac equation consistent with the frame bundle for a velocity-dependent metric with Lorentz signature generates a weak-like interaction in the torsion sector. (shrink)

Some doctors and nurses played a key role in Nazism. They were responsible for the sterilization and murder of people with disabilities. Nazi doctors used concentration camp inmates as guinea pigs in medical experiments that had military or racial objectives. What we have learnt about the behaviour of doctors and nurses during the Nazi period enables us to reflect on several issues in present-day medicine. In some authors' opinions, the teaching of the medical aspects of the Holocaust could be a (...) new model for education relating to professionalism, Human Rights, Bioethics and the respect of diversity. Teaching Medicine and the Holocaust could be a way of informing doctors and nurses of violations of Ethics in the past. Moreover, a Study Trip to Holocaust and Medicine related sites has a strong pedagogical value. Visiting Holocaust related sites, T4 centres and the places where medical experiments were carried out, has a special meaning for medical students. Additionally, tolerance, anti-discrimination, and the value of human life can be both taught and learned through this curriculum. The following article recounts our experiences of organizing and supervising a study trip with a group of medical students to some Holocaust and medicine-related sites in Berlin and Hadamar. The study tour included lectures at universities in Düsseldorf and Berlin. (shrink)

The article puts G. Simondon’s work in perspective on three axes: its place within what A. Badiou called the“French philosophical moment”, the relationship between Simondonian concepts and some currents ofthought today and, finally, the way in which these notions are intertwined within the framework of the general theoryof individuation and the technics of the French philosopher. These three axes refer to the need to elaborate a philosophythat is contemporary with the questions posed by its time. According to our hypothesis, Simondon (...) unfolded problemsforeign to his time, but very close to ours.Hence his importance for contemporary philosophy.Key‐words: politics; technics; science; humanism; individuation; transindividual. (shrink)

La siguiente reflexión apunta a introducir algunos aspectos relevantes de las teorías marxistas sobre el estado que se dieron a partir de la década de 1960, particularmente, aquellas que catalizaron y cimentaron lo que posteriormente conoceremos como enfoque estratégico relacional. Se afirma que este enfoque tiene su génesis en las discusiones que inició Nicos Poulantzas contra otras visiones marxistas del estado y que luego han sido desarrolladas y complementadas por el teórico Bob Jessop. Se resaltan algunos aspectos innovadores de este (...) enfoque a fin de comprender la cada vez más compleja trama de relaciones que tienen curso en el estado contemporáneo. (shrink)

In a recent paper [J. G. Vargas and D. G. Torr, Found. Phys. 27, 599 (1997)], we have shown that a subset of the differential invariants that define teleparallel connections in spacetime generates a teleparallel Kaluza-Klein space (KKS) endowed with a very rich Clifford structure. A canonical Dirac equation hidden in this structure might be uncovered with the help of a teleparallel Kähler calculus in KKS. To bridge the gap to such a calculus from the existing Riemannian Kähler calculus (...) in spacetime, we commence the construction of a teleparallel Kähler calculus in spacetime. In the process, we notice: (a) Unknown to him, one of Einstein's equations in his attempt at unification with teleparallelism states that the interior covariant derivative of the torsion is zero. (b) A mechanism exists in the tangent bundle of teleparallel spaces for producing confinement (in the applicable cases, one would have to show why nonconfinement also occurs, rather than the other way around). (c) When the torsion is not zero, the interior covariant derivative in the sense of Kähler, δF, does not coincide with *d*F. The system (dF = 0, δF = j) rather than (dF = 0, *d*F = j) should then be used for generalizations of Maxwell's electrodynamics. (shrink)

Detecting intrusions in large networks is a highly demanding task. In order to reduce the computation demand of analysing every single packet travelling along one of such networks, some years ago flows were proposed as a way of summarizing traffic information. Very few research works have addressed intrusion detection in flows from a visualizations perspective. In order to bridge this gap, the present paper proposes the application of a novel projection method (Beta Hebbian Learning) under this framework. With the aim (...) to validate this method, 8 traffic segments, containing many flows, have been analysed by means of this projection method. The promising results obtained for these segments, extracted from the University of Twente dataset, validate the proposed application. (shrink)

La perspectiva de los futuros periodistas sobre la profesión es importante para una evaluación crítica de la forma en que la academia, en sus cursos de comunicación/ periodismo, los prepara.Los resultados de una encuesta a estudiantes de pregrado y maestría en comunicación/periodismo, de 11 instituciones de educación superior portuguesas, apuntan a un desajuste entre las percepciones sobre el periodismo actual y las expectativas futuras, lo que nos llevó a reflexionar sobre el papel de las instituciones educativas, que parecen más como (...) promotores de una visión crítica del periodismo, que promotores de actitudes proactivas en la búsqueda de respuestas a los diversos desafíos identificados por los estudiantes. (shrink)

Una educación democrática, inclusiva y atenta a la diversidad tiene que serlo en todos sus ámbitos, también en el de los contenidos. Cuando cuestionamos los contenidos de las ciencias sociales escolares y las personas que los protagonizan con perspectiva de género llama la atención, en primer lugar, la ausencia de la mujer como sujeto histórico y social. Preguntarnos por el eje identitario del género nos permite cuestionar todas las identidades invisibilizadas en la construcción heteropatriarcal del currículum. En este artículo planteamos (...) la importancia del concepto de la interseccionalidad para repensar los contenidos curriculares y sus protagonistas afrontando las identidades desde el reconocimiento de la diversidad y entendiéndola dentro de las relaciones de poder y discriminación, algo fundamental si aspiramos a una educación que no sea reproductora de desigualdades sino crítica, comprometida y transformadora. (shrink)

La prevención en materia ambiental, como concepto y principio, es una opción eficaz para aplicar el principio ético de responsabilidad esbozado por Hans Jonas, que propugna por un tratamiento responsable del ambiente de cara a su preservación para las generaciones venideras. En este sentido, la prevención es también un mecanismo de gestión que le da a cada riesgo ambiental el tratamiento particular que se merece, dadas sus características, premura e incluso potencial impacto en lo social, económico y ambiental. Esta obra (...) es una apuesta por un debate multidisciplinar sobre algunos de los temas vigentes de la gestión del riesgo ambiental, desde la incertidumbre y el análisis económico, hasta la reparación del mismo como un mecanismo disuasivo en la óptica de la responsabilidad civil. (shrink)

In this study, we analyze the financial performance and the managerial abilities of religious mutual fund managers, implementing a comparative analysis with conventional mutual funds. We use a broad sample, free of survivorship bias, of religious equity mutual funds from the US market, for the period from January 1994 to September 2010. We build a matched-pair conventional sample in order to compare the results obtained for both kinds of mutual fund managers. We analyze stock-picking and market timing abilities, topics widely (...) neglected for the specific case of religious mutual fund managers. We also study style timing abilities. As far as we are aware, this aspect has not been studied previously for religious mutual fund managers. Our results indicate that religious mutual fund managers underperform both the market and their conventional counterparts. This result is driven by negative stock-picking ability which could be generated by excluding “Sin” stocks from their portfolios. Moreover, they are not able to time the market or any of the following styles: size, book-to-market, and momentum. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene por objeto comprender las razones políticas detrás de la Ley 12.008 que en 1956 creó una zona de franquicia tributaria en las provincias de Chiloé, Aysén y Magallanes, poniendo especial énfasis en el lugar que ocupó Chiloé en el debate. Se identifican tres motivos principales tras la ley: el valor estratégico del Estrecho de Magallanes, la precaria situación económica de las provincias australes y la migración de trabajadores chilotes hacia la Patagonia argentina, lo que era percibido (...) como un problema geopolítico que debilitaba la soberanía chilena en las tierras del sur. Inicialmente excluido, Chiloé ingresa al Proyecto por presión de sus representantes, aunque con posterioridad el Senado le recorta beneficios. El debate evidencia una visión instrumental de los chilotes, percibidos como fuerza de trabajo móvil y apátrida, concluyendo que el objetivo de la política pública no era desarrollar Chiloé, sino mantener a su población dentro de los márgenes del estado nacional chileno. (shrink)